Shtëpi LajmeVëllezërit Frashëri: Naim, Sami dhe Abdyl Frashëri

Shtëpi LajmeVëllezërit Frashëri: Naim, Sami,

Vëllezërit Frashëri: Naim, Sami dhe Abdyl Frashëri

Q: Did Sami Frashëri write the first Turkish novel?

His Taaşşuk-ı Tal'at ve Fitnat (The Love of Tal'at and Fitnat), published in Istanbul in 1872, is widely regarded as the first Turkish novel. The TDV Encyclopedia of Islam calls it the first original novel of Turkish literature, and Robert Elsie notes it is also the first novel published by an Albanian.

The Frashëri brothers, Abdyl, Naim and Sami, were brothers from Frashër in southern Albania who became leading figures in Albanian...

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Shkruar nga Val Demiri

Shtator 11, 2026

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The Vëllezërit Frashëri, Abdyli, Naimi dhe Samiu, ishin tre vëllezër e motra nga fshati Frashër në Shqipërinë jugore, të cilët u bënë figurat madhështore të Rilindja Kombëtare Shqiptare. Between them they led the political struggle for Albanian autonomy, created modern Albanian literature, and wrote the intellectual blueprint for an independent Albania. They are widely regarded as the family that did the most to shape the modern Albanian nation.

Ky udhëzues prezanton secilin prej tre vëllezërve, politikanin Abdyl, poetin Naim dhe dijetarin Sami, dhe shpjegon pse emri Frashëri nderohet në të gjithë botën shqiptare.

Fakte të shpejta

Kush ishin ata: Tre vëllezër nga Frashëri (Përmeti), në Shqipërinë e Jugut, prijës të Rilindjes
Abdyl Frashëri (1839 to 1892): Udhëheqësi politik, një forcë lëvizëse e Lidhjes së Prizrenit
Naim Frashëri (1846 to 1900): Poeti kombëtar i Shqipërisë
Sami Frashëri (1850 to 1904): The scholar who wrote the most widely read manifesto of the Albanian national movement
Trashëgimia: E konsideruar gjerësisht si familja themeluese e kombit modern shqiptar.

Kush ishin vëllezërit Frashëri?

Të tre vëllezërit lindën në shekullin e 19-të në Frashër, një fshat në rajonin e Përmetit në jug të Shqipërisë, në një familje me rrënjë bektashiane. Të arsimuar dhe shumëgjuhësh, ata u bënë të njohur brenda Perandorisë Osmane, por ia kushtuan jetën çështjes kombëtare shqiptare. Secili luajti një rol të ndryshëm, por plotësues, njëri në politikë, tjetri në poezi, tjetri në shkencë, dhe së bashku i dhanë Rilindjes udhëheqjen, letërsinë dhe idetë e saj.

Abdyl Frashëri: Politikani

Më i madhi, Abdyl Frashëri, ishte zëri politik i familjes dhe një nga figurat më të rëndësishme të lëvizjes së hershme shqiptare. Ai ishte një forcë udhëheqëse pas Lidhja e Prizrenit të vitit 1878 dhe ndër të parët që kërkuan autonominë shqiptare, bashkimin e tokave shqiptare në një provincë të vetme vetëqeverisëse. Ai e çoi çështjen shqiptare drejtpërdrejt te autoritetet osmane dhe kryeqytetet evropiane, duke hedhur themelet politike për gjithçka që pasoi.

Naim Frashëri: Poeti Kombëtar

Naim Frashëri mbahet mend si poeti kombëtar i Shqipërisë. Ai zgjodhi të shkruante në shqip në një kohë kur kjo ishte një akt sfide, duke prodhuar poezi që kremtonte tokën, gjuhën dhe shpirtin e popullit shqiptar. Vepra e tij i dha lëvizjes së re kombëtare zemrën e saj emocionale dhe ndihmoi në vërtetimin se shqipja ishte një gjuhë e përshtatshme për letërsinë e madhe. Lexoni më shumë në profilin tonë të plotë të Naim Frashëri.

Sami Frashëri: Dijetari

Më i riu, Sami Frashëri, ishte një dijetar me një diapazon të jashtëzakonshëm. Një figurë e famshme në jetën intelektuale osmane, ai prodhoi enciklopedi dhe fjalorë dhe i njihet merita për shkrimin e një prej romaneve të para moderne në turqisht. Për shqiptarët, vepra e tij më e rëndësishme ishte Shqipëria: Çfarë ishte, çfarë është dhe çfarë do të bëhet, a political manifesto whose immediate goal was full autonomy for Albania within the Ottoman Empire, and which served to promote the ideal of full independence. It was widely read and became the manifesto of the national movement. Sami also supported the Pelasgian theory of Albanian origins, which later fed claims about Alexander the Great.

Trashëgimia e Frashërit

Së bashku, të tre vëllezërit formojnë themelin intelektual dhe politik të Shqipërisë moderne: Abdyli i dha drejtim politik, Naimi i dha shpirt dhe Samiu i dha një plan. Ndikimi i tyre u përhap edhe në brezin pasardhës, nëpërmjet djalit të Abdylit. Mid'hat Frashëri, i cili kryesoi Kongresi i Manastirit që përcaktoi alfabetin shqip në vitin 1908. Rrugë, shkolla dhe institucione në të gjithë Shqipërinë dhe Kosovën mbajnë emrin Frashëri, dhe familja mbetet një simbol i zgjimit që çoi në Pavarësia e Shqipërisë në vitin 1912.

From Frashër to Janina to Istanbul: How the Brothers Were Educated

Naim Frashëri was born on 25 May 1846 and Sami on 1 June 1850, both in Frashër. Robert Elsie writes that Naim grew up near the village’s Bektashi monastery, where he began learning Turkish, Persian and Arabic. In 1865 the family moved to Janina (Ioannina, now in Greece). There Naim and Sami attended the Zosimaia secondary school, a Greek school that gave them Ancient and Modern Greek, French and Italian on top of their private lessons in oriental languages. The Turkish TDV Encyclopedia of Islam dates Sami’s years at the school to 1865 to 1871, and Elsie has Naim finishing in 1870.

That double education, Western and Ottoman, explains the range of what they later wrote. Sami moved to Istanbul in 1872. Abdyl entered public service in 1877 as head of the customs office in Janina and in the same year was elected to the Ottoman parliament as a deputy for Janina. Naim worked as a civil servant in Berat and, from 1874 to 1877, as a customs official in Sarandë, before settling in Istanbul in 1881 or 1882.

Abdyl Frashëri and the League of Prizren, Step by Step

December 1877: With Sami and other Albanian intellectuals, Abdyl founds the Central Committee for the Defense of the Rights of the Albanian People in Istanbul, which seeks a measure of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire.
3 March 1878: The Treaty of San Stefano assigns large Albanian-speaking areas to Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia. Abdyl’s articles in Turkish and Greek newspapers are among the first to voice Albanian objections.
10 June 1878: Delegates meet in Prizren and form the League of Prizren. Abdyl, representing the Istanbul committee, is said to have given the opening speech. Elsie names him, Sulejman Vokshi and Ymer Prizreni as the most prominent participants.
November 1878: An assembly of Muslim and Christian landowners at the Bektashi monastery in Frashër adopts a program for autonomy, which the League accepts on 27 November. Sami later publishes it in the Istanbul daily Tercümân-ı Şark.
1879: Abdyl travels to Berlin, Paris, Vienna and Rome with Mehmed Ali Vrioni to present a memorandum of Albanian demands to the Great Powers. In October he is a cofounder of the Istanbul Society for the Publication of Albanian Writing.
January 1881: In Prizren he helps set up a provisional government whose authority reaches across Kosovo as far as Skopje.
April 1881: Ottoman troops suppress the League. Abdyl flees toward the Adriatic, is captured while crossing the Shkumbin River near Elbasan, and is sentenced to life in prison.
End of 1885: He is pardoned after four years, at the intercession of Gazi Osman Pasha. He dies in Istanbul in 1892 after a long illness.

Encyclopaedia Britannica describes the League as the first Albanian nationalist organization. It had two goals: to unite the four vilayets of Kosovo, Shkodër, Monastir and Janina into one autonomous unit within the empire, which it did not achieve, and to develop Albanian language, literature and education, which became the work of the next generation.

Main Works of Naim and Sami Frashëri

Elsie counts 22 works by Naim: fifteen in Albanian, four in Turkish, two in Greek and one in Persian. Because Naim served as director of the board of censorship at the Ottoman Ministry of Education, he often signed his Albanian books only with initials. Sami wrote about fifty works, and Elsie judges his Turkish publications to be of wider significance than his Albanian ones.

Author	Title	English meaning	Place and year
Sami	Taaşşuk-ı Tal’at ve Fitnat	The Love of Tal’at and Fitnat (novel)	Istanbul, 1872
Sami	Besa yahud ahde vefa	Besa, or the Fulfilment of the Pledge (play, first staged 6 April 1874)	Istanbul, 1875
Sami	Kamus-ı Fransevi	French to Turkish and Turkish to French dictionaries	Istanbul, 1882 and 1885
Naim	Bagëti e bujqësija	Cattle and Crops in Britannica, Bucolics and Georgics in Elsie: a 450-line pastoral poem	Bucharest, 1886
Sami	Kamus al-a’lam	Six-volume encyclopedia of history and geography, 4,830 pages	Istanbul, 1889 to 1898
Naim	Luletë e verësë	The Flowers of Spring, 23 poems	Bucharest, 1890
Naim	Parajsa dhe fjala fluturake	Paradise and Winged Words	Bucharest, 1894
Naim	Fletore e Bektashinjet	Bektashi Notebook	Bucharest, 1896
Naim	Istori’ e Skenderbeut	History of Skanderbeg, an epic of 11,500 verses	Bucharest, 1898
Naim	Qerbelaja	Kerbela, a religious epic in 25 cantos	Bucharest, 1898
Sami	Shqipëria: ç’ka qënë, ç’është e ç’do të bëhetë?	Albania: What It Was, What It Is and What Will Become of It?	Bucharest, 1899
Sami	Kamus-ı Türki	Two-volume Turkish dictionary	Istanbul, 1900 to 1901

Naim’s books were printed in Bucharest because Albanian-language publishing was banned in the Ottoman Empire. Elsie notes that Bagëti e bujqësija was smuggled into Albania in caravans, and that Naim himself regarded the History of Skanderbeg as his masterpiece.

Reading the Frashëri Brothers in English

Robert Elsie’s websites carry several pieces in English translation: a group of Naim’s poems, including an excerpt from “Oh Mountains of Albania” (from Bagëti e bujqësija), “The Words of the Candle” and “The Flute”; the central chapter of Sami’s 1899 manifesto; Sami’s encyclopedia entry on Kosovo from the Kamus al-a’lam; and the resolutions of the League of Prizren.

Sami Frashëri as Şemseddin Sami: Novelist, Lexicographer, Alphabet Maker

In Turkey Sami is known as Şemseddin Sami. The TDV Encyclopedia of Islam says that his 1872 novel is accepted as the first original novel in Turkish literature, and Elsie adds that it is also the first novel written and published by an Albanian. TDV records that he cofounded the newspaper Sabah on 9 February 1876. His play Besa turns on an Albanian father who kills his own son rather than break his word of honor. It was translated into English by Nelo Drizari as Pledge of Honor, an Albanian Tragedy (New York, 1945).

His Turkish dictionary had a long afterlife. According to Elsie, the Turkish Philological Society consulted the Kamus-ı Türki in 1932 as a guideline for shaping the modern Turkish literary language.

For Albanian, Sami headed the alphabet commission set up by the Central Committee at the beginning of 1879. The alphabet he devised used Latin letters with some Greek and Cyrillic characters added, and became known as the Istanbul alphabet. On 12 October 1879 he also became head of the Society for the Publication of Albanian Writing. His Istanbul alphabet was still the most widely used one when the Congress of Monastir met in November 1908, and a modified form of it was one of the two alphabets the congress approved.

On the 1899 manifesto, Elsie is precise: its immediate goal was full autonomy for Albania within the empire, though it served to promote the ideal of full independence. The bibliography of the TDV entry also lists a Turkish study that treats the authorship of the book as disputed. TDV gives the date of Sami’s death as 18 June 1904. Elsie gives 5 June, which is the same day in the old Julian calendar.

Banknote, Museum House and Monuments

Naim Frashëri is on the front of Albania’s 200 lekë banknote. The Bank of Albania describes the design as his portrait with an open book, and on the back the house where he was born, verses from one of his poems and a pen. In 1937 King Zog sent a commission to Istanbul to bring Naim’s remains to Albania, and they were reburied at the Bektashi tekke on the edge of Tirana in a state ceremony, as the Albanian Heritage Conservation Foundation recounts. Sami’s grave stayed in Istanbul: TDV records that his remains were moved to the family plot in Feriköy cemetery in 1968.

In Frashër, the house of the three brothers is a museum with the status of Cultural Monument of the First Category, according to the Municipality of Përmet. In Tirana, a sculptural memorial to Abdyl, Naim and Sami stands in the Grand Park near the Artificial Lake. It was inaugurated in 1978.

Pyetje të shpeshta

Kush ishin vëllezërit Frashëri?

Abdyli, Naimi dhe Sami Frashëri ishin tre vëllezër nga Shqipëria e Jugut që udhëhoqën Rilindjen Kombëtare Shqiptare në shekullin e 19-të, përkatësisht si politikanë, poet dhe studiues.

Për çfarë njihet Naim Frashëri?

Naim Frashëri është poeti kombëtar i Shqipërisë, i famshëm për shkrimin e poezive në shqip që frymëzuan zgjimin kombëtar.

Çfarë ka shkruar Sami Frashëri?

Sami Frashëri wrote widely as an Ottoman scholar and produced the influential work “Albania: What It Was, What It Is, and What It Will Become,” which called for full Albanian autonomy within the Ottoman Empire and promoted the ideal of an independent Albanian state.

Nga ishin vëllezërit Frashëri?

Ata ishin nga fshati Frashër në rajonin e Përmetit në jug të Shqipërisë.

Did Sami Frashëri write the first Turkish novel?

His Taaşşuk-ı Tal’at ve Fitnat (The Love of Tal’at and Fitnat), published in Istanbul in 1872, is widely regarded as the first Turkish novel. The TDV Encyclopedia of Islam calls it the first original novel of Turkish literature, and Robert Elsie notes it is also the first novel published by an Albanian.

What happened to Abdyl Frashëri after the League of Prizren was crushed?

When Ottoman troops suppressed the League in April 1881, Abdyl tried to reach Italy. He was captured while crossing the Shkumbin River near Elbasan and sentenced to life in prison. He was pardoned at the end of 1885 and died in Istanbul in 1892 after a long illness.

Which Albanian banknote shows Naim Frashëri?

The 200 lekë note. According to the Bank of Albania, the front carries Naim Frashëri’s portrait with an open book, and the back shows the house where he was born in Frashër, verses from one of his poems and a stylized pen.

Burimet

Lexime të Ngjashme

Autor: Val Demiri

Valbona është redaktore dhe shkrimtare në ALB Connection, ku ajo mbulon njerëzit, bizneset dhe kulturën që formësojnë diasporën shqiptare. E diplomuar në gazetari në Universitetin e Ajovës, puna e saj përfshin profile të komunitetit, histori suksesi dhe reportazhe mbi jetën shqiptare në të gjithë SHBA-në, Evropën dhe më gjerë. Ajo tërhiqet nga historitë që festojnë arritjet e shqiptarëve dhe e mbajnë komunitetin të lidhur përtej kufijve.